The Myth of the Liberal Media: The Propaganda Model - Video by Noam Chomsky, Edward Herman & Justin Lewis, Media Education Foundation, 1997

FIVE FILTERS

1. News owners: media concentration either by large multinational corporations, e.g. CBS – Westinghouse, ABC – Disney, NBC – GE, or sole proprietors, e.g. Newscorp – Rupert Murdoch (Aussie) and Conrad Black (Canuck), Cable TV stations owned by Time Warner, Viacom, Disney and Newscorp. (NB:  this is a bit outdated now)

2. Advertisers: radio and television – 100% ads, newsprint – 80%, magazines – 50%, idea of corporate censorship, public broadcasting effects

3. News shapers: important figures such as politicians, military officials, government PR officials

4. News makers: opinions are expressed in editorial pages, journalists should not have opinions so choose experts who will say what they want to hear, economic or foreign policy think tanks, e.g. in US:  Centre for International Studies at Georgetown, American Enterprise Institute, Cato Institute, Heritage Foundation (Heritage Front);  in Canada:  Fraser Institute, C.D. Howe Institute;  also news service companies e.g. Reuters

5. Flak: negative feedback – pressure from government, pressure from corporations, pressure from media monitoring groups such as Accuracy in Media (AIM), they monitor and discipline media with result of libel suits

An application of sophisticated technologies of public relations and mass media to culturally construct social scientific "truth", operates by disseminating repetitive rhetorically effective representations of social science research in the public domain

1. Create a premise

2. Create a statistic to back it up

3. Create an audience by repeating it over and over

4. Media pick it up

Fact is now created

http://www.propagandacritic.com/